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consumes fossil energy at a rate of about 10 TW (terrawatts) today. This rate of consumption cannot be sustained due to the build up of atmospheric CO2, depletion of petroleum reserves, and political conflicts. To stop the increase of atmospheric CO2, we need to cut the fossil fuel use to about 3 TW. Where will we find 7 TW or more of renewable energy? At this scale, virtually all renewable energy must come from sunlight. Thus, society is going to need to make giant investments in a range of methods to collect and use solar-derived energy: photovoltaics, photosynthetic microorganisms,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], wind, and others.Second, energy is not the only fossil resource that is used on a massive scale and for which we need to find a substitute. Perhaps even more pressing is mined phosphorus (P), which is part of the foundation of modern high-yield agriculture. The time horizon for depleting P reserves is even shorter than that for petroleum, and we have no obvious replacement. Phosphorous is the backbone of all living things. Therefore,